HEALTH: Do you know the difference between a sprain and strain?

The causes of sprains and strains vary. A sprain is caused by a blow that knocks a joint out of position, such as landing on the side of the foot, or twisting a foot while navigating an uneven surface. Strains, on the other hand, occur through overuse of muscles and tendons due to prolonged repetitive motion.

SIGNS OF A SPRAIN

Pain, bruising, swelling and inflammation are common whether a sprain is mild, moderate or severe. A person who suffers a sprain will usually feel a tear or popping in the joint. A severe sprain takes place when a ligament tears free of a bone, and produces extreme pain. A moderate sprain takes place with a partially torn ligament, producing joint instability, and some swelling, while a mild sprain involves a stretched ligament, but does not cause the joint loosening.

SIGNS OF A STRAIN

As with a sprain, pain, muscle spasm, muscle weakness, swelling, inflammation and cramping are typical indications that a muscle or tendon strain has occurred. A severe strain, where the muscle or tendon partially or completely ruptures, often leaves a person incapacitated. With a moderate strain, the muscle or tendon becomes overstretched and slightly torn. A mild strain involves a slightly stretched or pulled muscle or tendon.

TREATMENT

Most sprains and strains can be treated with rest, ice, compression and elevation. In instances of mild or severe injuries, the individual should have a doctor evaluate the condition. In the worse case of a severe sprain or strain, surgery may required, followed by an extended period of therapy.

SOURCE: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons

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